중국상해방언에서 보여지는 중국어 구어체 (백화 白話 )의 문법.A Grammar of Colloquial Chinese,as Exhib

중국상해에서 보여지는 중국어 구어체 (백화 白話 )의 문법.A Grammar of Colloquial Chinese,as Exhibited in the Shanghai Dialect,by Joseph Edkins
TABLE OF CONTENTS.
PART I.
ON SOUND, 1？57.
Section Page
1. Alphabet. Table of sounds. 1.
2. On the Chinese tones. Natural tones described. Tones of several
dialects.
6.
3. On Shanghai tones. Tones in state of transition. Relation of tones to
music and accents.
13.
4. Alphabetic elements of the sounds. The 36 initials of the
Dictionaries, Represent the sounds of the old language, and are now
a provincial pronunciation. The Shanghai dialect, a branch of that
system. Finals. Comparative table of Shanghai and Mandarin finals.
The final consonants n, ng and k.
43.
PART II.
ON THE PARTS OF SPEECH, 58？162.
Section Page
1. Native divisions. Division proposed by a native grammarian. 58.
2. Relation of the dialect to the written language, and to other dialects.
Primitive words exemplified. Relation to the mandarin of the Historical
Romances. Compared with the dialect of S？- che？.
60.
3. On Substantives. 66.
4. On Numeral and Quantitative Auxiliary Substantives. Distinctive
Particles. Significant Particles. Weights and measures. Collectives.
81.
5. On Adjectives. 89.
6. On Pronouns. 101.
7. On Verbs. Modes of grouping. Kinds of Verbs. Mode. Tense. 111.
8. Propositions, and Postpositions. 134.
9. On Adverbs. 136.
10. On Conjunctions. 154.
11. On Expletives and Interjections. 160.
vii

PART III.
ON SYNTAX, 163？214.
Section Page
1. On Government. 163.
2. Interchange of the Parts of Speech. Adjective as Substantive. Verb
as Substantive, and as Adjective, &c.
164.
3. On Government of Words in Groups. 170.
4. On Repetition. 176.
5. On Order in Groups. 181.
6. On Simple Propositions. 187.
7. On Subordinate Sentences. 196.
8. On Coordinate Sentences. 205.
9. On Antithesis. 210.
10. On Rhythmus. 212.
APPENDIX
I. On the 문리 or higher colloquial used by literary men. 215.
II. On the Native Tables of Initials and Finals. Imitated from the Sanscrit.
Geographical outline of the dialects that agree with the dictionary
system.
216